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Using the ICARUS Device to Simulate IFR Conditions

Most of us who have been through instrument training are familiar with the traditional view limiting devices. There is the original hood, which does a decent job of blocking a pilot’s view of outside, but there are still gaps that allow “peeking”, though that peeking doesn’t really help a pilot fly an approach. It does help them figure out which way is up, so it’s not a true simulation.

The other problem with a hood is the process of putting it on to begin simulating IFR conditions, then taking it off when it’s time to land. This process takes time and the instructor has to take the controls (or the autopilot flies), losing some of the realism of the simulation.

Overall, an IFR hood is relatively comfortable. The elastic band sits under your headset, doesn’t squeeze your heard, and doesn’t press underneath your ear cups of the headset, giving you a headache. Hoods are large and somewhat unwieldy.

Foggles are another way to simulate IFR conditions for training. Most of the time, these are safety glasses that have most of the lens blacked out or fogged out, leaving little slits at the bottom for the pilot’s eyes to see the instruments.

Foggles aren’t quite as good as an IFR hood at blocking the outside. Due to their shape, there are often cracks that allow more “peeking” then a hood. The process of beginning to simulate IFR conditions and ending the simulated IFR conditions is easier though, since all the pilot has to do is put the foggles on or slip them off, which can often be done one handed (putting them on can be more difficult one handed since they have to fit underneath your headset). Wearing them for a long period of time can get painful as your headset is probably going to start crushing them against the side of your head.

The best comfort and view limiting combination I have found, so far, is called the ViBAN. It’s very comfortable and does a really good job of simulating IFR by blocking a view of the outside.

What’s the whole goal behind a view limiting device? When a pilot starts instrument training, ideally, all the training would take place in the clouds, since that is why someone get’s an instrument rating. As we all know, this isn’t possible, hence the need to simulate IFR conditions. The problem with simulating IFR is, it’s not true IFR. True IFR conditions are different then what a hood or a set of foggles can simulate. This can lead to spatial disorientation if a fresh instrument pilot enters the clouds for the first time, having done all his training in simulated conditions.

I’ve even heard a story of a pilot who did all his IFR training with a hood, passed his check ride, went into the clouds the first time, and put the hood on because he was getting disoriented since he hadn’t ever experienced true IFR.

What about full motion simulators? How I wish every airport had a full motion simulator for instrument training. Full motion sims are truly the best way to simulate IFR conditions. A pilot can easily get spatially disoriented in a sim if he or she isn’t careful. It’s a great way to simulate IFR conditions, but, alas, this just isn’t possible.

Are we doomed to just do an okay job of training instrument pilots in simulated IFR conditions with a hood or foggles?

Nope, at least not anymore.

Enter the ICARUS Device. The ICARUS Device, which stands for Instrument Conditions Awareness Recognition and Understanding System, is an amazing piece of equipment which truly simulates IFR conditions in the training environment. The ICARUS is a plastic shield that uses a Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal film that allows the degradation of a pilot’s visibility. It clips on to a baseball cap and is attached to a battery. That battery is then bluetoothed to an iPad or iPhone App that allows the instructor to put the pilot into and take him out of simulated IFR conditions.

Originally designed for helicopter training, it’s an excellent tool for fixed wing IFR training too. I’ve been using it for the last month and a half and I am hooked. The customer’s that I have used it with truly say that they cannot see a thing outside. Because the plastic shield turns white, it really does give the view that the pilot is in the clouds. The inner ear certainly believes it. The curve of it fits the glare shield in most planes nicely (there is some custom cutting that would have to take place for specifically rounded glare shields, but it fits Cirrus and Piper Saratogas nicely, the two planes I have used it in), and it sits away from the pilot’s face, blocking out all windows, which is what clouds do.

The greatest thing from an instructor’s standpoint is the ICARUS Device app. The pilot puts the device on before taxi and I set the app to VMC. This completely clears the ICARUS Device so the pilot can see just fine for taxi and takeoff. Then, at about 400 AGL, I tap the <1/2 VIS button on the app, and boom, the pilot is in the clouds. I even have a time delay to slowly make the ICARUS Device opaque to simulate slowly entering the clouds. I do the same thing on an approach, except in the reverse order, simulating we are slowly exiting the clouds.

The ICARUS Device is a game changer for IFR training. It’s comfortable, easy to use, the battery lasts for a long time (though bring a standard USB charging cord with you in the plane because the battery failure mode makes the ICARUS Device opaque instead of transparent. You don’t want that to happen at 200 AGL!), and, most important, it truly simulates IFR conditions.

After using it, I believe all flight schools and CFII should get one of these, both in the fixed wing and helicopter world. It’s the best option for simulating IFR conditions.

Checkout the ICARUS Device website for more information and to hear the story of the company.


Texas Top Aviation, LLC was given an ICARUS Device by the ICARUS Device company to test. Texas Top Aviation, LLC was not paid for our above opinion on the ICARUS Device (trust me, if it was terrible, I would have told you!).

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  • Avidyne Entegra Chart Updates

    Columbia 400 Avidyne Entegra

    There are a number of airplanes out there equipped with the Avidyne Entegra PFD and MFD system, most notably the Cirrus SR20 and SR22 models from the early 2000s and the Columbia 350 and 400 from the same era.  The Entegra is pretty simple and easy to learn, but doesn’t have the capability that it’s Garmin glass panel counterparts do (I have not, however, tried the R9, which could prove much more capable than it’s predecessor).  I have found that pilots master the Entegra a lot quicker because of the reduced functionality.

    One of the nice features of the Avidyne Entegra is the CMAX Chartview option.  With a yearly subscription, you can get all the Jeppesen approach plates and airport diagrams for the entire US on your MFD.  Just like your GPS, though, you have to update the charts monthly to keep them legal.  After a period of time when you don’t keep up with the updates (I believe it is 90 days), then the charts disappear.

    The update process is a little tricky if you don’t have someone to explain it to you.  Once you go through it a few times, you’ll have it down pat.  Here’s the process for the Avidyne Entegra Chart Updates.

    Jeppesen Subscription

    The first step in performing your Avidyne Entegra Chart Updates is to create an account with Jeppesen, who handles all the GPS NavData and MFD Chart updates for both Garmin and Avidyne.  If you already have a Jeppesen subscription, you can skip down to the next section.  To do that, simply go to jeppdirect.jeppesen.com, and then do the following:

    • Click on Avionics Data on the upper left hand side
    • Click “Purchase Avionics Subscription”
    • Then, click on “Create Account” in the new users section
    • Once you’ve created an account, login, then put in your aircraft information and select 1 update for the Avidyne Entegra EX500 EX 5000
    • Click Continue at the bottom and you can put in your payment information

    Software Needed

    There are two different programs depending on if you have a PC or a Mac.  If you have a PC, you need the Jeppesen Services Update Manager (JSUM).  If you have a Mac, you need the Jeppesen Distribution Manager (JDM).  Download whichever one you need, then login, and your updates will show up.

    Downloading the Avidyne Entegra Chart Updates

    First, we’ll go through the process of performing the Avidyne Entegra Chart Updates process for a Windows computer, using JSUM.    You’ll need two 2 GB USB drives formatted to FAT 16.  Here’s how to format to FAT 16.

    • Go to My Computer after inserting the USB drive
    • Right click on the drive
    • Click on Format, then select FAT and press OK

    Once the USB drive is formatted to FAT16, open up the JSUM program.  Login and your updates will be displayed on the screen

    • You’ll need to set the Avidyne CMAX Key Code
      • Right click the Avidyne Electronic Charts Service and click Set Avidyne Key
      • To get the key code, visit MyAvidyne.com and create an account using your JeppView subscription number and your serial number for your Avidyne MFD (found on the AUX page) and your PFD serial number (displayed on startup when the PFD is warming up)
      • Once you get the Key Code, copy and paste it in the window and click OK
    • Click on the service and click Start
    • The program should automatically detect the drive (if it doesn’t, click browse and select the drive)
    • Click Continue and the charts will start downloading and automatically programmed to the USB drive
    • If you are updating NavData on the MFD as well, follow the same steps as listed above in order to update the NavData

    Next, we’ll go through the Avidyne Entegra Chart Updates process on a Mac, using the JDM program.  You’ll need two 2 GB USB flash drives formatted to FAT 16 (the easiest way to format to FAT 16 is on a Windows computer, using the process above).

    • Open the JDM program and login
    • Insert the first USB drive
    • You’ll need to set your Avidyne CMAX Key Code
      • Click Service Details under the Electronic Charts Service
      • Click Set Avidyne CMAX Key Code
      • Program automatically detects the USB drive
    • Click and drag the Electronic Charts service over to the USB and release
    • The service is downloaded and copied to the USB drive automatically
    • Eject the USB drive
    • Insert the second USB drive (or plug the USB drive in to your MFD, do the update, then reformat the drive) and follow the same steps for the NavData

    Updated the MFD with the Avidyne Entegra Chart Updates

    Avidyne Cirrus

    Once everything is programmed the your USB drives, the rest of the process is simple.  Just go out to your airplane, plug in the first USB drive with the Electronic Charts on it, turn your battery on and the avionics master, and the system will upload the information automatically.  Once it’s finished, turn everything off, pull the USB drive out, then insert the second USB drive and do the same thing.

    Now, you’re all updated!

    If you’d like to see a video on the process, Jeppesen has some very good videos on the updating procedure.  The links are below.  If you have questions, please contact Texas Top Aviation and an expert will help you through the process.

    JSUM USB Programming Procedure

    JDM USB Programming Procedure

    Avidyne Entegra Chart Updates Upload

  • Thanks For Flying With Us!

    From our family to yours, thank you for flying with Texas Top Aviation in 2014.  We wish everyone a Happy New Year and a great 2015!

    Texas Top Aviation Family

  • Fly Away Destination: Sedona, AZ (KSEZ)

    Looking for somewhere to take a trip this fall?  Sedona, Arizona should warrant strong consideration.  Just shy of 100 miles north of Phoenix, Sedona is one of the most beautiful areas in the southwest United States.  From Texas, depending on how fast your airplane travels, you could make it to Sedona in a day, with a couple of stops in between.  You’d definitely want to spend a few days to enjoy the scenery and maybe jump over to the Grand Canyon while you’re in the area.

    The Airport

    As you approach the Sedona Airport (KSEZ), you become somewhat distracted by the scenery around you.  Don’t be too distracted as the approach is a little tricky.  If you are landing north, on Runway 3, the calm wind runway, don’t let the surroundings fool you.  Stay on that PAPI and don’t be short, as the runway is on a 500 foot mesa.  In instrument conditions, the MDA for the RNAV approach to Runway 3 dumps you out about 1,300 feet above the airport elevation, giving you plenty of time to set up to land.

    When using runway 21, don’t make your pattern too wide as there are some pretty tall rocks (around 7,000 feet) north of the field.  The Airport/Facilities Directory gives a warning to pilots in strong southwesterly wind conditions.  Be aware of strong downdrafts coming in on final for runway 21.

    The runway itself is in excellent condition, and plenty long at just over 5,000 feet.  The FBO is a little dated, but the folks there are great.  They were redoing the ramp this summer, so beware of that.  Airplane parking is no problem, but actually getting to the FBO is a little tricky.  The Mesa Grill is a very nice good restaurant just a short walk from the FBO.  When I was there, I chowed down on a buffalo burger.  It definitely hit the spot.

    What To Do

    Sedona is the outdoorsman’s paradise.  Starting off, to get a great overview of the area, hop on the Red Rock Scenic Byway (SR 179) about an hour before dusk.  You’ll get to see some spectacular views while it’s still light, then you can’t beat the sunsets in Sedona.

    For hiking, you have a myriad of options, from the Cathedral Rock, to the Oak Creek Canyon, to the Devil’s Bridge Trail, all are beautiful, though most are not for the faint of heart (especially the Devil’s Bridge).  Even though the fall is cooler, make sure you pack plenty of water for the hikes.

    Sedona

    Want something to do in the evening?  Go up to the Chapel of the Holy Cross to watch the sunset.  After the sun goes down, go do some stargazing.  You’ll get to take a tour of the stars at the Sedona Star Gazing location in Oak Creek.  You are shown all the constellations and stars by professional astronomers, and blankets and chairs are provided.

    Art connoisseur?  You’ll find plenty of art galleries around town with a ton of beautiful, original artwork.  There are also several theaters and golf courses around Sedona, giving everyone a little bit of everything.

    If you’re up for it, the Grand Canyon is about a 2 hour drive north of Sedona, or a quick flight up to the Grand Canyon Airport (KGCN).

    In search of a good getaway?  Try Sedona.  You’ll be sore from lots of hiking and sight seeing, but it will definitely have been worth it.

  • Registration Now Open for the 2025 Texas Top Aviation Fly-In!

    Are you ready to take part in one of the most exciting Texas aviation events of the year? Registration is now open for the 2025 Texas Top Aviation Fly-In, happening March 26th-28th, 2025, at the stunning Lajitas Golf Resort in Lajitas, Texas.

    Whether you’re a pilot looking for a getaway, wanting to make new pilot buddies, or just seeking a one-of-a-kind adventure, the 2025 Texas Top Aviation Fly-In promises an unparalleled blend of community, aviation instruction, and scenic Big Bend recreation. Not to mention, great golf!

    Why You Should Register

    As one of the top 2025 Texas aviation events, this Fly-In features:

    • Two rounds of golf at the #1-ranked Black Jack’s Crossing Golf Course
    • Aviation seminars from industry leaders
    • Making new friends and seeing old ones at our group dinners
    • Non-golfing activities, like Jeep rentals, exploring Big Bend, or relaxing at the Resort spa

    Spaces are limited, so secure your spot now for our 6th Annual Fly-In!

    Event Highlights

    Fly-In Golf Tournament

    Enjoy two rounds of golf at Black Jack’s Crossing Golf Course:

    • Round 1: March 26th, 2025, 1:30 PM
    • Round 2: March 27th, 2025, 1:30 PM

    Aviation Seminars

    Learn from top experts on Thursday morning, March 27th, 2025:

    • Paul New: Cirrus and Cessna mechanic
    • Scott Williams: Aviation attorney
    • Travis Ulhorn: San Antonio Air Traffic Controller

    Community and Connection

    Relax and connect at evening group dinners starting at 7:30 PM.

    Pricing

    • $1,475 per person (2 nights + golf) + tax
    • $1,100 per person (2 nights, no golf) + tax
    • $475 for non-golfing spouse + tax

    Registration includes lodging and golf; food and beverages will be billed directly to the attendee.

    Key Details

    • Golfers: Arrive by noon, March 26th, 2025
    • Non-Golfers: Arrive by dinner on March 26th
    • Complimentary shuttles provided from Lajitas International Airport (T89)

    Register Today

    Don’t miss out on one of the best Texas aviation events of the year. Register now and be part of the 2025 Texas Top Aviation Fly-In. Spaces are limited, so don’t wait!

  • The Go Around Button

    Back in the old days, when flying an approach in an early Cirrus SR22 (circa 2004; yes, in airplane technology, those were the old days), performing a missed approach procedure was a lot of work.  You were low to the ground and weren’t able to see the runway.  Then, you had to start climbing so you don’t hit the ground, then push a lot of buttons in order to get the GPS and autopilot set fly the missed approach procedure.  It was very easy to get distracted with button pushing, then forget to fly the airplane, putting yourself and passengers in very unsafe circumstances.  The go around button has changed all that.

    Going Missed the Old Fashioned Way

    Let’s stick with our example of the 2004 Cirrus.  The SR22 in 2004 was equipped with the Avidyne Entegra system, complete with dual Garmin 430 GPS units, and an STEC 55x Autopilot.  A very capable IFR flying machine (we could use the same example of a 2004 or 2005 Lancair Columbia 350 or 400 that was equipped the same way, except the screens were vertical instead of horizontal).

    Avidyne Cirrus Go Around Button

    We’ll use the ILS 15 at the Temple airport, KTPL, for our example.  You pass TPL, the outer marker at 1,683 with the glide slope already centered.  Everything is going well so far.  The number 1 Garmin 430 is set to VLOC and the autopilot is showing NAV and APR for the lateral guidance and GS on the vertical, tracking the glide slope.  The last weather report stated the clouds were Broken at 500 feet, so it appears like you’ll be able to get in on the approach.

    As you get closer to the Decision Altitude, the clouds aren’t letting up at all.  You hit 1,000 feet on your altimeter, 120 feet above the minimums, and you still can’t see a thing.  Another 100 feet lower doesn’t change anything, so you elect to proceed with the missed approach.  This means things are about to get busy.

    Here’s the process:

    • Fly the airplane first, meaning shut off the autopilot, pitch the nose up to about 7 degrees, TRIM, add full power, retract the flaps, and step on the right rudder
    • The Garmin 430 is now in SUSP mode, meaning the missed approach point is locked in as the active waypoint.  So, you have to press the OBS button to cause the GPS to cycle over to the missed approach procedure
    • You have to press the VLOC button on the Garmin 430 in order to change the CDI back to GPS
    • You have to re-engage the autopilot by pressing NAV twice (which engages GPS Steering mode)
    • You have to reset your altitude bug (if you hadn’t set it for the missed approach altitude previously)
    • You have to press VS and ALT on your autopilot to have the STEC continue the climb

    That’s a lot of work, isn’t it?  Plus, that’s an extensive amount of head down time in the cockpit, with your eyes looking elsewhere other than the instruments while hand flying.  All very low to the ground, I might add.  Can you see how this can be dangerous?  (Note:  The Avidyne IFD 550 has made this a little easier with automatically switching from VLOC to GPS and automatically engaging the missed approach procedure in the flight plan)

    The advent of the Go Around Button has streamlined the process, leading to safer operations where it matters most.  The functions of the Go Around Button vary based on the airplane, but here are three examples, the Garmin G1000 Cessna Corvalis TT, the Garmin G1000 Piper Mirage, and the Garmin Perspective Cirrus SR22.

    Cessna Corvalis TT

    We’ll take the above situation and swap out the airplanes.  Gone is the 2004 Cirrus SR22.  Insert a 2008 Cessna Corvalis TT, equipped with the Garmin G1000 suite and the GFC 700 autopilot.  The go around button is positioned directly above the twist in throttle.

    Cessna Corvalis G1000 Go Around Button

    When you push the Go Around Button, here’s what the system does:

    • Disconnects the Autopilot
    • Sets the Flight Director for 7.5 degrees pitch up (which is about your normal climb angle) and wings level
    • Switches the CDI back to GPS
    • Takes the GPS out of SUSP mode and cycles the flight plan to the first waypoint on the missed approach procedure

    Here’s what you have to do:

    • Follow the flight director by pitching the nose up and TRIM
    • Add full mixture, prop and throttle (prop & throttle should be full already)
    • Retract the flaps
    • Step on the right rudder
    • Re-engage the autopilot, then press NAV and VS (or FLC) and set your altitude bug if it isn’t already set

    Not too bad, eh?  Makes the whole situation streamlined and safer.

    Piper PA46-350P Mirage

    Same situation, different airplane.  You’ll notice the procedure for the Piper Mirage is almost exactly the same as the  Corvalis procedure.  The difference between the two airplanes is where the autopilot controller is.  In the Corvalis, the autopilot controller is positioned on the left side of the MFD, making it easy to scan back and forth while pushing buttons on the autopilot.

    The Piper Mirage autopilot controller is positioned below both screens and in front of the power quadrant. With this positioning, the pilot’s eyes have to go a lot further to see which autopilot button he is pushing. In this case, it becomes very important to get the airplane climbing and trimmed before going down to engage the autopilot.

    As in the Corvalis, here is what the Go Around button does:

    • Disconnects the Autopilot
    • Sets the Flight Director for 7.5 degrees pitch up (which is about your normal climb angle) and wings level
    • Switches the CDI back to GPS
    • Takes the GPS out of SUSP mode and cycles the flight plan to the first waypoint on the missed approach procedure

    And here’s what you have to do:

    • Follow the flight director by pitching the nose up, then TRIM
    • Add full mixture, prop and throttle (prop & throttle should be full already)
    • Retract the flaps
    • Step on the right rudder
    • Re-engage the autopilot, then press NAV and VS (or FLC) and set your altitude bug if it isn’t already set

    Cirrus SR22

    Cirrus Perspective Go Around Button

    This time, we’ll use the 2010 Cirrus SR22T with the Garmin Perspective and GFC 700 Autopilot. One thing I really like about how Cirrus configured their system is where the Go Around button is.  It’s actually on the throttle itself, making it much more intuitive.  This way, you can press the Go Around button while adding full throttle.

    There is one major difference between the Garmin Perspective in the Cirrus and the G1000 in the Corvalis. When you press the Go Around button in the Cirrus, the autopilot actually stays on.

    Here’s what happens when you press the Go Around button in the Cirrus:

    • Flight Director pitches to 7.5 degrees pitch up and wings level
    • AP Mode switches to Go Around mode, following the flight director
    • GPS comes out of SUSP mode
    • CDI switches back to GPS

    All the pilot really has to do is add power, take the flaps up, then press NAV on the GFC 700 to get the autopilot following the missed approach procedure.

    If you aren’t familiar with the Go Around button or haven’t used the one in your plane lately, it’s good to go up with a knowledgeable instructor and fly a couple of approaches where you perform the published missed approach afterward.  That way, he or she can assist you through the first missed approach, then give you pointers until  you get comfortable with the Go Around button.

  • MMOPA Safety Foundation Training Videos

    The Malibu and M-Class Owner’s and Pilot’s Association (MMOPA) announced new Safety Foundation Training videos in September. The videos are aimed at both new Piper PA46 pilots and existing Piper PA46 pilots, all in the effort to fly the Piper PA46 to the highest and safest standards.

    Six videos have been released thus far, with the promise of more to come. The topics of the first videos are:

    • Instrument Approach
    • Visual Approach
    • Manual Gear Extension
    • Emergency Descent
    • Descent Planning
    • Takeoff and Climb

    Eventually, the goal is to release high quality training videos encompassing all aspects of Piper PA46 flying.

    To view the videos, you will need an MMOPA membership. The link to the MMOPA Safety and Education Foundation video page is: https://www.mmopasafety.org/education/

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